When the group of systematic evolution and biogeography in the Kunming Institute of Zoology examined the specimens of Triplophysa, the specimenscollected in April 2008 from Jianchuan in Dali Prefecture, Yunnan, China was recognized as a new species and named Triplophysa jianchuanensis. T. jianchuanensis can be distinguished from the other Triplophysa species by the following combination of characteristics: skin smooth, scaleless; lateral line complete; head long; eyes large; snout shorter than postorbital length; middle of lower lip interrupted and forming a pair of furrows; lower jaw spoon-like with obtuse edge; posterior chamber of air bladder completely degenerated; intestines short, bending in zigzag-shape behind stomach. The discovery of this new species adds a new record to the species of Triplophysa from the Lancangjiang River, and it is the first record of Triplophysa in the Erhai Basin. This discovery has been published in the Environmental Biology of Fishes 2010 (1).