Nemacheilidae is a group of small loaches in order Cypiriniformes. They are benthic, widely distributed and diversified into many species. Till now, more than 100 species have been discovered in China. Triplophysa mainly occurs in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the adjacent regions, with 125 discovered species up to date. As the most diversified group of Nemacheilidae, Schistura mainly occurs in south China, south Asia and southeast Asia. With over 200 discovered species, Schistura also accounts for more than half of the species in Nemacheilidae. Homatula is endemic in China, occurs in east of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, with 11 species discovered till now.

YANG Junxing’s research group discovered a lot of new species of Nemacheilidae from Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi in recent years. Among then, Homatula nanpanjiangensis, Triplophysa jianchuanensis were published in 2010. In 2012, five more new species of nemacheilid loaches were published on Journal of Fish Biology, Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters and Zootaxa.

The researches were funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30730017), the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences（KSCX2-YW-Z-0922）, Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Program (2009CC008) and National Science Foundation (USA) (DEB 0103795).

Schistura prolixifasciata Zheng, Yang et Chen，from Mengong River, Cangyuan County, Yunnan

Schistura albirostris Chen et Neely, from upper Longchuan Jiang, Tengchong County, Yunnan

Homatula wuliangensis Min, Yang et Chen，from Baimushan River, Jingdong County, Yunnan

Triplophysa huapingensis Zheng, Yang et Chen，from Hongshui River, Leye County, Guangxi

Triplophysa longliensis Ren, Yang et Chen，from Yudong River, Longli County, Guizhou