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| Elite varieties that have gone through long term breeding have probably fixed some elite alleles that occur with low frequencies in ancestral gene pool. Those elite alleles contribute to the elite performance of the elite varieties. Traditionally, geneticists use quantitative trait loci (QTL) linkage mapping and association mapping to identify those elite agronomic genes. However, QTL mapping r... more |
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| Though discovered almost a century ago, Adenosine Triphosphate, or more simply known as ATP, is one of the most interesting yet not clearly understood elements in biology. Popularly called "molecular unit of currency" ATP is the primary transporter of energy for all living cells. Outside of cells however, several reports demonstrated that extracellular ATP plays important roles in the immune s... more |
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| Human brain probably is the most exquisite structure in the world. During evolution, its size increasing has experienced several hops. About 2.5 million years ago, hominids started out with brains weighing approximately 400-450 grams, while, around 200,000 to 400,000 years ago, its size already had beat all the other primates. Now, human walk around with brain so big (1350 to 1450 grams) and so... more |
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| Mapping out settlements of prehistoric populations presents some interesting problems for researchers. Unlike comparatively more recent migrations and settlements with written records or a comprehensive mythos, prehistoric movements of peoples are far harder to trace. Likewise, in comparatively remote regions, archaeological evidence that can fill in the gaps of written records are difficult to... more |
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| Making a life at nearly 3500 meters above sea level on the Tibetan Plateau is no easy prospect, especially considering that the air contains far less oxygen than most humans are used to. For most, this thin air leads to a markedly low level of oxygen in the bloodstream, but native Tibetans have been living on the plateau as long as 30,000 years with relatively few complications. Recent studies ... more |
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