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| Labeoninae is a subfamily of the family Cyprinidae, order Cypriniformes. Oromandibular morphology within the Labeoninae is the greatest among cyprinid fishes. The incongruence between morphological and molecular phylogeny requires a systematic exploration of the significance of morphological characters on the basis of the molecular phylogeny. The extensive sampling is also suitable for explorin... more |
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| Nemacheilidae is a group of small loaches in order Cypiriniformes. They are benthic, widely distributed and diversified into many species. Till now, more than 100 species have been discovered in China. Triplophysa mainly occurs in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the adjacent regions, with 125 discovered species up to date. As the most diversified group of Nemacheilidae, Schistura mainly occurs in s... more |
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| In evolutionary studies, insertion and deletion events (indels) are of importance. Indels refers to the mutation class that includes both insertions, deletions, and the combination, thereof, including insertion and deletion events that may be separated by many years. But, attribute to its’ enormous potential in variation,including lack of functional constraints, a high substitution rate and le... more |
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| During the long way of evolution, one of the tremendous achievements of human being is the domestication of various animals and plants. These events have completely altered our life. Although we are benefiting from these creatures everyday, but for the majority of them, their underlying domestic mechanisms are still open to debate. For example, chicken is one of the most important poultry in ou... more |
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| Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert the light energy captured from the sun into chemical energy that can be used to fuel the organism's activities. During this process, the obligation of the Calvin cycle is to fix carbon. In eukaryotes, the reactions of Calvin cycle are catalyzed by 11 enzymes, while, in prokaryotes, this number has decreased into 10. The c... more |
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